Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer. Usually, it is skin patches or spots that have symptoms such as itching, bleeding, changes in colour, shape or size or non-healing wounds.
What are different types of skin cancer?
There are several types of skin cancer. Some forms are more common on the skin and express themselves differently.
The most common types of skin cancer are:
- Basal cell carcinoma (BCC): This form of skin cancer can look very different.
- Squamous cell carcinoma (PCC): Pink, rough lump or non-healing lesion that grows slowly.
- Melanoma: Suddenly arising spot that is usually brown or red in colour and grows rapidly. Often the spot has several colours and an irregular shape. Melanomas can also occur from a mole that was already there. Melanomas are less common but can spread rapidly to other organs in the body.
The most common precursors of skin cancer are:
- Lentigo maligna (melanoma in situ): Brown or brown-black spot that grows slowly and has an irregular shape.
- Actinic keratosis: Roughly scaly patches of skin that are usually white, yellowish or brown in colour.
- Atypical naevi: Some birthmarks that were previously present and show changes.
Where does skin cancer occur on the body?
Skin cancer can occur anywhere on the skin, but in many cases on parts of the skin that are often exposed to the sun. There are also other factors, such as your genes or immune system, that make you more likely to develop suspicious skin spots. Common body areas include: face, cleavage, hands, scalp in bald people, back, arms and legs.
As you can see, some spots are difficult to check. If necessary, you can enlist the help of someone you trust, such as a partner or close friend.
How does skin cancer develop?
For most forms of skin cancer, (prolonged) exposure to ultraviolet radiation is cited as the main risk factor. UV radiation from the sun causes reactions on the skin, which can eventually change molecules, cells and tissues. There are several factors such as heredity, immune system, skin type, age and past sunburns that contribute to the development of skin cancer.